Both the epub 2 and epub 3 ocf specifications instruct reading. In this example, we use media queries to create a responsive navigation menu, that varies in design on different screen sizes. Media queries go beyond the conventional media types that have been used since css 2. The epub3 specification already requires media queries support. All desktop browsers except for safari now use window. Here are some tips for making the most of using media queries in 2018. To ensure html4 browsers didnt download unwanted styles the only hack was developed to allow older browsers to ignore these new rules. In this video, i explore what media queries are and how you can start using them right away. User screen sizes have always differed but for the most part this difference was limited to a few inches and you could bet on a huge majority of your audience fitting within. Example of various media queries for responsive web design.
They are a fundamental part of responsive web design and are used to customize the appearance of websites for multiple devices. Below are some more of them not a comprehensive list. A media query is an htmlcss functionality that allows the content of a web page to adapt to the type of media that the page is being rendered in, such as a computer screen or that of a phone or tablet. These conditions are called media features, and in the case of responsive web design, the media feature most commonly used is width, or more specifically, minwidth. Media queries are a feature of css that enable webpage content to adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions. Using css media queries is the most widely adapted solution in the wordpress community if you want to make sure your website is responsive. Best way to use responsive media queries for all devices. Css3 media queries for all devices and browsers ie7, ie8. And while you can use just width, its not very flexiblebecause the resolution has to be the exact size. Epub adaptive layout international digital publishing forum. In your main workflow assume you are designing for a non media query site eg. Responsive media queries for all devices with css examples.
In the media queries syntax, the comma expresses a logical or, while the and keyword expresses a logical and. Media queries are css rules that help us include css code only when certain conditions are met. To declare an epub 2 file as fixedlayout or interactive, a file named. How to use responsive media queries for all devices. Dont target devices, add breakpoints when the design breaks. In this guide, you will learn what responsive design is, how it works, how to use css media queries correctly, and. In order to figure out the right responsive media queries for all devices, lets take a look at some statistics. Let us look at some more examples of using media queries. An embased approach to media queries allows for a more proportional measurement and layout that adjust based on fontsize. Css media queries are formally included in the epub 3 css profile, which. Heres what overlapping media queries look like this example is embedded. This is just one quick example of how media queries can help us deliver css.
In this lesson well explore the basics of what a media query is and how it is used. Create richlayout publications in epub 3 with html5, css3, and. Css3 media queries tutorial, how to use media queries. The best way to study responsive web design and media queries is to get a glimpse of them in action.
Which is the bestcorrect way to use mediaqueries out of. For example, specifying values based on both viewport width and height is not supported. Css media queries are an excellent way to deliver different styles to different devices, providing the best experience for each type of user. Imagine if it could become a 2 column 800px wide if the user has a narrower browser window. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Html4 had these media types, which are all still valid. Measuring width is a nice practical example of media queries, but it isnt the only thing available. Css3 media queries tutorial, how to use media queries zenva. Open the overview to see the complete list, and find for each media query if your browser applies these.
If the resolution goes even one pixel bigger or smaller,the styles will no longer be. Earlier in this tutorial we made a web page with rows and columns, and it was responsive, but it did not look good. Css3 media queries are incredibly useful for defining how web elements behaveappear at different screen sizes this is the key to responsive web design. To demonstrate a simple example, we can change the background color for different devices. Features a media query syntax is made up by a media type and zero or more expressions. Several media queries can be combined in a media query list. The speech type are been used in place of aural, which is similar.
This is an example of the media query being used within a single css. And the bottom two are using the media keyword inside of an actual style sheet, so. Learn using embased media queries responsive web design. The downside is that ie8 and under get the mobile view as they dont understand media queries. As a result, most ereading apps and devices for this spec do no support media queries in the css. Media queries essentially are used in web design to create device or situationspecific browsing experiences. If you know how to write your own css, youll be able to. Creating media queries for responsive web designs the following is an exclusive extract from my new book, jump start responsive web design, 2nd edition. Heres a brief list containing some sites that i found impressive. This page lists a ton of different devices and media queries that would specifically target that device. Its not exactly mobile first design, but i have found it very easy to use by only amending exactly what needs to change for specific device, width etc.
A media query is a css module which allows you to limit the scope of your styles. It became a w3c recommended standard in june 2012, and is a cornerstone technology of responsive web design rwd. These top two are what you might find in the head of a document, so literally a link to a stylesheet. This blog series focuses on these media queries and will hopefully leave you with an increased feeling of competency when working with them. Introduction to css3 media queries kurt maine tutorials december 2, 2011 its hard to get away from the discussion of media queries and responsive design in the css community, but if you arent quite sure what they are, or simply dont know how to use them then this is the guide for you.
This means using minwidth media queries to create larger versions of the site as required. Media queries are set by defining the width range in which a css style is applied. As we have seen, media queries havent gone away, but the way we are using them is changing. Media queries are a popular technique for delivering a tailored style sheet to different devices. This can be used to display a webpage differently under a large number of circumstances. The basic media query for kindle devices is one that allows different css for kf8 devices vs. If the browser window is 600px or smaller, the background color will be lightblue. All modern mobile browsers are supported, including blackberry 7. This is a long page of interesting informative reading, with a variety of examples of the individual css media queries that are currently available and used in responsive web design with the new css3 specification media queries have become extremely flexible and. According to statcounter, the following are the most popular screen sizes on the internet july 2017. A css media query combines a media type and a condition that shows how web content will appear on a particular device. Media queries are incredibly useful because they solve a huge problem that arose quite suddenly in web design.
Essential considerations for crafting quality media queries. This can be used as a way to alter html content between the two different formats. A part of the css3 specification, css media queries expand the role of the media. How to create media queries in responsive web design. Media queries is a css3 module allowing content rendering to adapt to conditions such as screen resolution e. Instructor width refers to the width of the browsersvisible screen area, or viewport,including the size of a scroll bar. Thats probably not generally a great practice, but it is. These queries work with min and max width of the device. The following example shows a media query in which styling is applied to. Css media queries allow you to target css rules based on for instance screen size, deviceorientation or displaydensity. If one or more of the media queries in the commaseparated list are true, the whole list is true, and otherwise false.
A media query consists of an optional media type all, handheld, print, tv and so on and any number of optional expressions that limit when the query will trigger, such as width, pixeldensity or orientation. This means you can use css media queries to tweak a css for an ipad, printer or create a responsive site. With each site, dont just look at the design, test it by resizing your browser window. Using only in media query declarations responsive web. In the previous examples, we use the min and max prefixes. Eliots the waste land in a single xhtml document, using elements and the epub.
Media queries are part of css3 and enable developers to customize their content for different presentation mediums. Investigating the different background colours according to the width of the browser window. Css media queries examples previous next css media queries more examples. The below media queries for smartphones and ipads are work with portrait and landscape view. What are css media queries, and how to implement them. If you want to target a device then just write mindevicewidth.