Plasmabased surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane for. Polydimethylsiloxane pdms membrane filled with biochar core. Influence of pdms molecular weight on surface oxidation and hydrophobic recovery article in polymer 5425. Apart from oxygen plasma and uvozone treatments, hydrophilicity and surface silanol groups of pdms surface can also be obtained by using a solgel method which created an oxide layer on the pdms channel wall. Pdms is an easy and robust approach, and the simplicity of. However, while these studies have greatly illuminated the fundamental physics and chemistry of plasma treatments, as well as provided valuable applications for plasma treatments, comparisons between. Rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane pdms is frequently used to build microfluidic devices. Effect of manufacturing and experimental conditions on the.
Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen. Owen and smith 27 reported on the formation of cracks in this surface silicalike layer and argued that these cracks allowed for the migration of lowmolecularweight uncrosslinked pdms fragments to the surface socalled hydrophobic recovery. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatment an sem investigation. Hydrophilic microchannels are sometimes advantageous over hydrophobic microchannels due to increased cell adhesion or increase in electro osmotic flow eof. In collaboration with clemson university and the pennsylvania state university, we have developed a surface modification kit, which allows for durable hydrophilization of various polydimethylsiloxane pdms surfaces. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatmentan sem investigation. Polydimethylsiloxane pdms has become one of the most widely used materials for microchip capillary electrophoresis and microfluidics. In order to understand the surface hydrophilization process of pdms with uvozone and the subsequent hydrophobic recovery process, we extend the model developed by kim and coworkers to describe. Apr, 2017 bodas d, khanmalek c 2007 hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatmentan sem investigation. In a modern city they transport water from the sources of water supply to the points of distribution. Effect of zif71 ligandexchange surface modification on. One wellestablished approach to produce hydrophilic pdms surfaces is. Yongqiang lan, a,b ning yan, b,c, and weihong wang a, a new type of biocharsio 2 coreshell particles bcnps was successfully prepared via the solgelsediment method. On the other hand, a hydrophobic surface of the pdms mold with low surface energy is beneficial for achieving highquality microparts during the demolding process.
Apart from oxygen plasma and uvozone treatments, hydrophilicity and surface silanol groups of pdms surface can also be obtained by using a solgel method which created an oxide layer on the. The solgel coating makes the channels hydrophobic, which is useful for fabricating devices that make water in oil droplets while the hydrophillic monomer coating is useful for oil in water emulsion devices. Bodas d and khanmalek c 2007 hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatment an sem investigation sensors actuators b 123 36873. The current methods that enhance the hydrophilicity of elastomers used for micro and nanofluidic applications are intricate and costinefficient. Hydrophilization of siliconeurea copolymer surfaces by uv. Temporary wettability tuning of pclpdms micro pattern using. To avoid hydrophobic recovery, the hydrophilized surface must undergo. Functionalized glass coating for pdms microfluidic devices. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by.
Recent developments in pdms surface modification for. It employs a macromolecular anchoring layer approach for grafting hydrophilic polymer layers onto hydrophobic pdms surfaces. Network accelerates innovation by allowing you to discover and connect to gamechanging technologies and technology professionals on the worlds most comprehensive technology network. Scalable microphysiological system to model threedimensional. Initially after the treatment, the samples showed a low surface hydrophobicity but upon storage in dry air, a continuous increase in hydrophobicity. Hiroki mitsui, ken mukai, satoshi ikubo, toyoko suzuki, hideto minami. Request pdf hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatmentan sem investigation rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane pdms is frequently used. Pdms maris is used by five international ship registries, to help improve productivity and customer service.
The major disadvantage to using pdms for these applications is its hydrophobic properties. Soft lithography of ceramic microparts using wettability. The modified pdms might not be ensured a conformal coating and longterm stability, and slowly recovery to hydrophobic might happen after a period of time of treatment. However, pdmss hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization, attributed to its low glass transition temperature of less than 120. Modification of hydroxylated pdms surface by coating a hydrophilic polymer.
Microfluidic design and patterning collagen scaffold. The hydrophobic nature of pdms, however, limits its applicability for microchip ce, microfluidic patterning, and other nonelectrophoresis. Plasma was used to activate the pdms surface and sequentially promote the. In case of a 6 min sf 6 treated pdms surface, after o 2 plasma treatment and rapid hydrophobic recovery by the postprocess with deionized water and baking, a contact angle of 93 is determined. By comparing the cultured 3t3 fibroblast cells on the treated pcl1 hydrophobic and pdms0 hydrophilic surfaces, pdms0 performed better cell attachment after 48 h of culturing time compared to pcl1. Uncured pdms inhibits myosin in vitro motility in a.
Hydrophobic recovery of pdms upon storage after exposure to plasma and corona discharges has been studied by contact angle measurements. Owing to the hydrophobic nature of the framework, zif71 demonstrated promising alcohol e. Consequently, the hydrophobic recovery behavior of the plasmatreated pdms molds may be suitable for the fabrication of ceramic microparts by soft lithography. Pdms nanoparticle coatings which exhibit water repellency have been reported to impart superhydrophobicity to monument surfaces using common and costeffective materials 21. As the epoxide rings were opened in pdms dg, they formed ether bonds with the hydroxyl groups of ha. Pdms as well as on silica coated pdms surfaces, although the process is slower and less homogeneous in the case of prolonged oxidation times. Biofunctionalization of pdmsbased microfluidic systems.
Is the pdms software course useful for mechanical engineering. Figure 1 compares hydrophilic ink imprints, which have been created using untreated, oxygen plasma treated and kit modified pdms. Jul 14, 2017 sterilization by boiling had a tendency to stiffen samples cured at lower temperatures whereas uv and ethanol did not alter the material properties. Polydimethylsiloxane pdms membrane filled with biochar coreshell particles for removing ethanol from water. Effects of embedded surfactants on the surface properties of. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recoverypdms sheets. Hydrophilization of liquid surfaces by plasma treatment. Modeling hydrophobic recovery of electrically discharged. The contact angle of the samples stored in different temperatures separates clearly into three distinct trajectories over the span of 100 days. Hyeon shin department of materials science and engineering, korea university, anam. Maris has been designed to manage all the key business functions of a ship registry or marine administration including vessel registration, surveys.
The resulting rate of hydrophobic recovery of plasmaexposed pdms sheets stored at three different temperatures from the onset of hydrophilization up to 100 days for both the advancing and receding contact angles is shown, respectively in fig. Oxygen plasma treatment for reducing hydrophobicity of a. However, the hydrophilization is typically not stable, and either a partial or complete hydrophobic recovery is. Pdms samples stored in lb broth retain hydrophilic. Longterm hydrophilization of polydimethylsiloxane pdms. Currently, the surface modified pdms after hydrophilization has been used in applications, such as biomolecule separations, enzyme microreactors, immunoassays and cell culture studies. The popularity of this material is the result of its low cost, simple fabrication, and rugged elastomeric properties. Oxygen and nitrogen plasma hydrophilization and hydrophobic. We present and compare two processes for plasmabased surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane pdms to achieve the antisticking behavior needed for pdms pdms molding. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatment.
High resolution micropatterning of stretchable polymer. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatmentan sem investigation rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane pdms is frequently used to build microfluidic devices. Investigation of diffusion characteristics through microfluidic channels for passive drug delivery applications. The characteristics of bcnps were investigated using scanning. Khanmalek, hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by. Additionally, enhanced alcohol recovery was achieved by incorporating zif71 as the filler material in mixed matrix membranes mmms 1,16,25. Oxygen and nitrogen plasma hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of polymers. Hydrophilization of siliconeurea copolymer surfaces by uvozone. Flexible and stretchable guidedmode resonant optical sensor. To understand the hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by these two modification techniques, sem images were recorded. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery ofpdms by oxygen. Oxygen plasma treatment is a nontoxic, low cost method to render pdms hydrophilic. Significant differences in recovery rates are also evident between different plasma gases.
After the paper was further coated with the pdms and the pdms was consolidated, the paper became clearly transparent and hydrophobic. This option allows users to search by publication, volume and page selecting this option will search the current publication in context. Hydrophilization of pdms nanostructured surfaces and hydrophobic recovery in order to further hydrophilize the pdms surfaces, o 2 plasma treatment for 60 s was performed in a rie reactor. On the one hand, normal plasma treated surfaces undergo hydrophobic recovery within minutes 14 after bonding and thermal treatment. Water contact data shows that hemagrafted pdms has a greater hydrophilic stability than oxygen plasma treated pdms.
This issue has spawned a flurry of research to devise longer lasting surface modifications. Pdms context modules can be purchased via the uk governments gcloud on the digital market place. It seems plausible to relate the pronounced hydrophilization of pdms oils at least partially to the reorientation of hydrophilic groups of pdms towards the. International audiencerapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane pdms is frequently used to build microfluidic devices. However, the rapid hydrophobic recovery will achieved after washing with deionized water and the thermal treatment of the surfaces. Chemical force microscopy cfm in water was used to map the surface hydrophobicity of uvozonetreated polydimethylsiloxane pdms. Storing pdms samples, immediately after plasma treatment, under water and luriabertani broth lb broth, a common growth medium for bacteria, retards hydrophobic recovery considerably. Pdms generated a hydrophobichydrophilic pattern mixture surface, which offers great potential in the tissue. However, pdms s hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization, attributed to its low glass transition temperature of less than. Contribution of surface energy and roughness to the. After a certain incubation time or dose of energetic species a glassy.
Hydrophobic recovery of plasmatreated polydimethylsiloxane. Pdms nanocomposite coatings with sh property have been developed by several researcher 21, 22. This treatment did not alter the surface topography, as it was verified by afm measurements. Hydrophilic microchannels are sometimes advantageous over hydrophobic microchannels due to increased cell adhesion or increase in electro osmotic flow eof leading to ease of liquid filling in microchannels. Generation of hydrophilic polydimethylsiloxane for high. Hydrophilic surface modification of pdms for droplet. Thermoplastic elastomer with advanced hydrophilization and.
Initially after the treatment, the samples showed a low surface hydrophobicity but upon storage in dry air, a continuous increase in hydrophobicity was observed. Based on the procedures done by sharvari nadkarni, developed with the help of loling song work as much as possible in clean environment, under the flow hood. Investigation of diffusion characteristics through. On the other hand, extended plasma treatment induces undesirable surface cracks which a. It is seen that these times are on the order of magnitude of 460 minutes.
Yet, to compete with distillation separation, zif71 membranes. Uvozone modification of polydimethylsiloxane microfluidics channels. Polydimethylsiloxane pdms is inherently hydrophobic. Deepdyve is the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The contact angle of the samples stored in different temperatures separates.
Mar 20, 2014 polydimethylsiloxane pdms is commonly used for fabricating micro and nanofluidic devices due to its low cost and ease of fabrication. The procedure is based on technology developed by the group of professor i. No noticeable hydrophobic recovery was observed for at least 7 days of storage in air, as evidenced with xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps studies. The studied processes were oxygen plasma activation for vapor phase silanization and plasma polymerization with tetrafluoromethanehydrogen mixtures under different processing conditions. Since the reorientation of polar groups can be ruled out in our case and the recovery process is slowed down at high vacuum, the lmw species created by partial discharge must play a major role on the hydrophobic recovery of the oxidized pdms elastomers. Polydimethyl siloxane surface modification by low pressure plasma. Effect of surface nanostructuring of pdms on wetting. Hydrophilic surface modification of pdms for droplet microfluidics. Aug 04, 2016 piping systems are like arteries and veins.
Completely superhydrophobic pdms surfaces for micro uidics. Longterm hydrophilization of polydimethylsiloxane pdms for capillary filling microfluidic chips. Khanmalek, hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and chemical treatmentan sem investigation. Surface modification of sylgard184 polydimethyl siloxane. The gcloud is the uk governments programme to adopt cloud based services and pdms provide a range of software as service solutions and services on the gcloud framework. Pdf oxygen plasma treatments of polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. Pdms nanocomposite coatings filled with hydrophobic. Hydrophilic peopdms for microfluidic applications iopscience. Selecting this option will search all publications across the scitation platform selecting this option will search all publications for the publishersociety in context. Minimizing residues and strain in 2d materials transferred. Pdms plant design management system as it is known in the 3d cad industry, is a customizable, multiuser and multidiscipline, engineer controlled design software package for engineering, design and construction projects in offshore and onshore. Temporary wettability tuning of pclpdms micro pattern.
Hydrophilization using sulphuric acid allowed to decrease surface hydrophobicity, however this effect was lost over time as hydrophobic recovery occurred. Hydrophilization of polydimethylsiloxaneurea copolymer psu surfaces and the extent of hydrophobic recovery were investigated as a function of. Deepdyve is the easiest way to get instant access to the academic journals you need. Surface modification of rtv 615 pdms was carried out by oxygen plasma treatment and hemagrafting. It was assumed that in the alkaline condition ph 10, the deprotonated hydroxyl groups of ha are more nucleophilic than the carboxyl groups and prefer to react with the pdms epoxide. Temperaturedependent formulation of a hydrogel based on. One of the possible applications for hydrophilic pdms surfaces is microcontact printing. Preparation of hydrophobic transparent paper via using. Pdms develops a number of enterprise software products which are in use around the world. Longterm retention of hydrophilic behavior of plasma. Plasma hydrophilization and subsequent hydrophobic recovery are studied for ten different polymers of microfabrication interest. Recent developments in pdms surface modification for microfluidic. Superhydrophilic pdms microchannels show the highest spontaneous capillary flow in the channels while the hydrophilic. However, a near universal observation is a hydrophobic recovery that partially or completely negates the effect of the plasma hydrophilization over time owen and smith 1994.
Pdms dg was employed to create linking between ha and pdms. Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of pdms by oxygen plasma and. The computeraided design centre or cadcentre as it was more. The results showed that silica nanoparticles produced by the teos hydrolysis improved the paper transparency to some extent, increased the paper thermal stability, but still remained the hydrophilicity of paper. Owen and coworkers explained this hydrophobicity recovery as being the result. The plasma hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery have been studied for many polymers, in both mechanistic and application oriented studies. Completely superhydrophobic pdms surfaces for micro.